Types of Column Failure - Compression Failure & Buckling Failure

Types of Column Failure

column failures

Column

column

Columns are the most important parts of a structure. They transfer loads of the structure to the Surrounding soil through the foundation. So we need to build strong columns, otherwise, failure will occur. Columns are built with two building material, concrete and steel. Before designing the columns, civil engineers should calculate total stress due to live and dead load of the building. When the applied stress exceeds the permissible stress (calculated) the structure will fail. So column play on of the main role for making or developing any building infrastructure.  The column plays vital role for both present and future of the buildings. So column failure are such things which directly impact the building as it may lead to the destruction of the buildings.

 

 Column Failure : 

The failure of the most important parts of a structure which transfer loads of the structure to the Surrounding soil through the foundation.

 

Types of the Column failure : 

 There are generally two types of column failure that matters a lot. They are Compression Failure and Buckling Failure.

 

   1.  Compression failure

Compression failure

When columns are axially loaded, the concrete and steel will experience some stresses. When the loads are greater in amount compared to the cross –sectional area of the column, the concrete and steel will reach the yield stress and failure will be starting without any later deformation.  In this type of failure, the material fails itself, not the whole column. This type of failure mostly occurs in shorter and wider columns. 

                     To avoid this, the columns should be made with the sufficient cross-sectional area compared to the allowable stress.

1   2.   Buckling failure

buckling failure

Buckling failure generally occurs in long columns. Because they are very slender and their least lateral dimension is greater than 12. In such condition, they load carrying capacity of the column decreases very much. The column tend to become unstable and start buckling to sideward even under small loads. That means the concrete and steel reached their yields stress for even small loads and start failing due to lateral buckling. 

                            This type of failures can be avoided  by not constructing long columns of slenderness ration greater than  30.