What are the preliminary
works in the construction of a building?
There is different work and step of doing work involve before construction work i.e. generally field and paper work is known as preliminary works. Preliminary works refer to all the activities that are involved in a construction site before the actual work, that work is generally divided in two different phase i.e.
There is different work and step of doing work involve before construction work i.e. generally field and paper work is known as preliminary works. Preliminary works refer to all the activities that are involved in a construction site before the actual work, that work is generally divided in two different phase i.e.
1.
Field Work
a.
Demolition of structure
b.
Site Clearance
c.
Site investigation
2.
Paper work
a.
Planning Project
b.
Detailed Designing
c.
Cost Estimation
In this article, we
briefly discuss that entire preliminary works which involved in the
construction of a any building or any project.
1. Field Work :-
That type of work which is direct done in a ground or site of project
steps of field work is given below:
a.
Demolition
The
process of dismantling, destroying or removal of an existing structure after
its life is over or if that structure is damage due to any reasons, it is dismantling
by pre-planned and controlled methods. The demolition is also done before a
structure is still life to serve the service.
The
dismantling process is done with the structure when it create obstacle on new proposed
project or when the life of building is over. The method of demolition involves
some steps, mainly:
1. Surveying of existing
structure for demolition
2. Removal of hazardous
materials from site
3. Method of demolition
4. Safety measures
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| Dismantling |
b.
Site Clearance
After dismantling the existing
structure we have to clear all unwanted material from site but in plain land
where there is no any structure than site clearance is the necessary procedure
to remove any obstructing elements such as vegetation found at the site to
prepare for excavation. The process of site
clearance is generally undertaken as part of starting construction work, carried
out to prepare a site for construction. It involves the
clearing the site to allow other remedial, treatment or demolition works to take place before the actual construction works can begin. The process of site clearance involves the following steps:
 |
| Site Clearance |
1.
Clearing
of bushes
2.
Cutting
out small trees
3.
Removal
of topsoil to formation levels.
c.
Site Investigation
Site investigation is a
systematic process to collect and record all the necessary data which will be
needed or will help in the design and construction processes. This is an
essential preliminary step of the design and construction of a project as the superstructure
of any structure depends upon the substructure. In this investigation, main elements
such as the type of soil, soil condition, nature of surrounding buildings, and
accessibility can be defined, and this will allow adequate amount and type of
resource and cost of construction to be decided.
As the stability of the
building depend upon the bearing capacity of soil under loading and pressure of
the building, soil test should must be carried out before any construction work.
The
importance of carrying out site investigation is -
1. To know the suitability
of the proposed project.
2. To know the type of soil
and design economic foundation.
3. To know the life of structure
occurrence and case of changes in subsoil conditions.
2.
Paper work
It is done after completion
of field work when the all nature of ground environment and nature of work is
decided, than these work is done which is given below :
a.
Planning Project
Planning is the process of selecting
a particular method and the order of work to be adopted for a project from all
the possible ways and sequences in which it could be done. It primarily covers
the aspects of ‘What to do’ and ‘How to do it.’ We’ve broadly outlined what the general goals of
construction planning are, but you might be wondering what the purpose of a
construction project plan is. At a high level, the purpose of a construction
plan is to provide a durable document that will guide a project from idea to
completion. By serving as a guidepost and reference point, a strategic plan
developed at the beginning of a project will allow project stakeholders to
verify that the project is adhering to the original stated goals as it
progresses.
The importance of
planning the construction of a structure is as follows:
1. Planning helps to
minimize the cost of construction by utilizing of available resources.
2. Planning reduces duplication
of works, and inter-departmental conflicts.
3. Planning encourages
innovation and creativity way among the construction managers.
b.
Detailed Designing
A detailed design of project is the
complete and precise physical description of all parts of the project structure
and how they are fit together, which serves as the basis for the construction
phase. It also involves the investigation of the strength, stability
and rigidity of the project to be built, based upon the physical
requirements of the building and an understanding of the structural
performance, materials, and geometries design used.
The detailed design consist of all the
required detail of project for smooth construction i.e. drawings of the project
and the structure report to permit reasonably accurate estimates of
construction, operating cost, and construction scheduling.
c.
Cost Estimation
The
process of forecasting the reasonable and probable cost of the project is known
as estimation. The cost estimation is done under the fulfillment of the project
objectives to the prescribed workmanship covered by specifications for various
items of works and to the stipulated schedule. The cost estimation can be
carried in different methods by using different tools and
techniques of estimation on a project.
The detailed cost
estimation of a project comprises of:
1. The direct cost of
various items of work
2. Provision for
contingencies
3. Direct supervision charges
4. Miscellaneous expenses
such as service charges for water supply connection, sanitary arrangements, and
electric supply
5. Labor hutments and
camps, field office, etc.
6. Provision of Overhead for the contractor
7. Tax of government
After these process the further activities are executed
which involves setting out, excavation.
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